Because - because of

CLAUSE – PHRASE
Because/ since / for / as / although / though / even though / even if + S + V
Because of / due to / on account of / despite / in spite of + V-ing / noun

1. It + be + adj
Ex : it is dark
The + noun
-> the dark (ness)

2. Pronoun + be + adj
Ex : He is lazy
possessive adj + noun
-> his laziness

3. Noun + be + adj
Ex : the weather was cold
the + adj + noun
-> the cold weather

4. There + be + noun
Ex: There are a lot of people
noun
-> a lot of people

5. S + have + noun
Ex : He had experience
possessive adj + noun
-> his experience

6. S + V + O + adv
( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )
Ex : He practises gymnastics regularly
possessive adj + adj + n + n
( 1 ) ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 )
-> his regular gymnastics practice

CLAUSE / PHRASE OF CONCESSION
Though she is a slow and careful driver, she had an accident yesterday.
-> Despite
2. Despite the poor salary, he is very interested in his new job.
-> Although
3. Though the film received the OSCAR prize, it didn’t attract many people.
-> Despite
4. Although he had talent in art, they didn’t give him the scholarship.
-> Despite
5. Though she was careful, she made many mistakes in her answers.
-> Despite
6. In spite of his experience, he couldn’t repair the car.
-> Though
7. Although the price was low, nobody bought it.
-> In spite of
8. Though it was noisy, they kept on working.
-> In spite of
9. I’m not tired in spite of working hard all day.
-> Although
10. I didn’t get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications.
-> In spite of
11. In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
-> Although
12. Though he was inexperienced, he got a good salary.
-> Despite
13. She managed to walk to the next village despite her injured foot.
-> Though
14. Despite her poor memory, the old man told interesting stories to the children.
-> Although
15. She told me the secret, despite having promised not to do so.
-> Though
CLAUSE / PHRASE OF REASON
As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterward.
-> Because of
2. I couldn’t get to sleep because of the noise.
-> I couldn’t get to sleep because
3. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.
-> Because of
4. They got high pay because they work well.
-> They got high pay because of
5. Our journey was delayed because the fog was quite thick.
-> Because of
6. He can’t go to work by bicycle because he lives very far from his office.
-> Because of
7. Because the traffic was heavy, all of them were late for class.
-> Because of
8. Because the speech was so long, most of us didn’t understand it.
-> Because of
Fill the gaps with because or because of
1. We stopped playing tennis ....... the rain 2.It was all........ her that we got into trouble 3.We had to hurry indoors ...... it was raining 4.I am late ....... the traffic 5.We didn`t arrive until seven o`clock ........ the traffic was terrible 6.She found the exam easy ........ she had worked hard during the course 7.He can`t drive ........ his illness 8.The restaurant closed down ........ the recession 9.He found working in Japan very difficult ......... the language problem 10.He`s very difficult to understand ......... his accent 11.They moved to Liverpool ......... her job 12.There have been a lot of problems in Britain ........ mad cow disease 13.They came to London ........ he got a job there 14.He crashed his car ........ he was driving too fast 15.He lost his driving licence ......... he was convicted of drinking and driving 16.She could only eat a salad in the restaurant ...... she is a vegetarian 17.The newspaper was prosecuted ........ an article about the Government

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