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Reading and gap fill
Test 1.

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LEO TOLSTOY
Leo Tolstoy was a famous Russian writer of the nineteenth century. He lived between 1828 and 1910. He wrote many novels. Two of his famous (1) _________ are “ War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina”. Tolstoy was born into a (2) _________ family. However, he was not (3) ___________ that others were poor. He did not like living in the rich life when others did not have food or money. In fact, Tolstoy often (4) ________ like a peasant. He wanted the simple life.
In his novels, Tolstoy wrote about many things, but one of his most important (5) __________ was nonviolence. His ideas about nonviolence (6) _____________ two other famoys leaders: Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. In fact, Tolstoy and Gandhi wrote letters to each other when Gandhi was in South Africa. Tolstoy’s ideas (7) ___________ Gandhi to use nonviolence.
Martin luther Jing , the American (8)____________ right leader, also believed in nonviolence. In his demontrations during 1960s, he always (9) ________ violence. He helped to (10) __________ more right for Blacks.
Thus, Leo Tolstoy, the (11) _______ Russian writer of the nineteenth centery, greadly influenced two other great leaders of peace (12) ______________ .


Test 2:
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Industrial robots
One step beyond automated machines is the industrial robot, the heart and brain of which is the (1) _________ . (2) _________ most automated machines, industrial robot can be programmed to do a (3) __________ of tasks that are usually accomplished by human (4) ___________ workers. Like their human (5) ________ , industrial robots can be switched from one job to another and can be programmed to (6) __________ new tasks. Thus far, robots have found their greatest use in assembling (7) __________ . However, they are swiftly branching from basic assembly.(8) __________ to construction and mining, and their most (9) _________ use of all, the exploration of oceans and outer (10) ____________ .

Test 3:
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The development of television
Television was not really invented. Many scientists invented or (1) __________ parts of the systems that have become the the television systems we know now. Radio, of course, was necessary before television could be (2) __________ , because the television uses the same principles of eletromagnetic waves that radio does. As soon as radio became possible, the possibility of television(3) _________ was also known, but it took many years for it to become (4) ____________ .
British and American scientists helped to develop the (5) ___________ ideas that made television (6) ___________ , but it was a Russian who made th first practical television system. By 1923, Vladimir Zworykin , a Russian, had invented a camera tub that could turn pictures into electric (7) ___________ . By 1929, Zworykin had built a television system that work.
By 1935, (8) ____________ television broadcasts were begun in Germany. the first broadcasts in the United States began in 1939, but television did not reallybecome (9) ___________ until later the Second World War. Between1945 and 1955 there were rapid (10) ___________ in the practical use of television.

Test 4:
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 All early television was broadcast in black and white. Color television was possible, but it was too (1) ___________ and of very (2) _________ quality (3) __________ the middle of the 1950s.Color television broadcasts began in the United States in 1954, in Japan in 1960 and in Europe in 1967.
The first (4) ____________ on the moon was broadcast (5) ______________ on television in 1969, and now television programs are (6) ____________ all over the world immmediately through the (7) ______________ of satellites that transmit the (8) from the earth, through the(9)___________, and back to the earth.
More people now get their news and information through television than through newspapers and (10) ___________ . the development of television is (11)__________ of the most rapid and exciting(12) ____________ of our century.

Test 5 :
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 Environmental pollution is a item that (1) ___________ to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, (2) _____________ the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with (3) ___________ many fertilizers and peticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings (4) _________ various other ways. (5) _________ , people ruins natural beauty by (6) ___________