Bài 31. Sắt

Welcome to
12D class!!!
Yesternight, I slept and I had a dream…
Do you know Iron man movie and Magneto in X-men movie?
What do I want to talk about?
Iron Man is a fictional character, he creates a powered to save his life and escape captivity.
Magneto is a powerful mutant with the ability to generate and control magnetic fields to influence metal and other forms of energy
All of them are related to iron
What is iron
Today, we shall learn about iron
The position of iron in the Periodic Table
Electron configuration of iron
Physical properties of iron
Chemical properties of iron
Natural states of iron
Applications of iron
To day, iron is the most widely used of all the metals, accounting for 95% of worldwide metal production.
- Iron has a lot of applications in our lives.
- The first iron production started in the Middle Bronze Age.
THE STONE AGE
From 2 milions BC
to 8000 BC
THE BRONZE AGE
THE IRON AGE
From 3500 BC
to 1200 BC
From 1200 BC
Appear first in
Middle East and India
Some objects are made of iron
The shelves
The windows
The safe
The public works are made of iron
The Delhi iron pillar is an example of the iron extraction and processing methodologies of India. It withstood corrosion for the last 1600 years.
Eiffel tower was built in 9700 tons of steel in 1889.
Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s2 3d6
3d6 4s2
Electron configuration:
Which can be abbreviated:
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
What is the position of iron in the Periodic Table ?
Atomic number:
Period:
Group:
Atomic mass:
26
4
VIIIB
56
Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
3d6 4s2
Electron configuration:
Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
3d6 4s2
Fe2+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6
Fe3+: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5
Electron configuration:
How many electrons can iron give up?
What is a stable electron configuration? Why?
Ferric ion has semi-saturated electron configuration
What are the physical properties of Iron?
Colour:
Density:
Conduction:
Melting point:
Silvery-gray
Great (D = 7.9 g/cm3)
Heat and electricity
1570oC
Specific property:
Magnetic feature
I will do an experiment about magnetic feature
What are the chemical properties of Iron?
Average Reducing property
What is the position of iron in the electrochemical series?
How is the reducing property of iron expressed ?
Iron is an average reducing property
- 2e
- 3e
Fe
[Ar]3d6 4s2
Fe2+
Fe3+
+ S, I2,HCl,H2SO4(d), salt sol.
+ Cl2, Br2, HNO3, H2SO4 (c)
[Ar]3d6
[Ar]3d5
Fe → Fe+2 + 2e
Fe → Fe+3 + 3e
Ability of the reaction
Reacts with weak oxidizers
Reacts with strong oxidizers
What substance can react with iron?
Reacts with non-metals
Reacts with acids
Reacts with
salt solutions
Reacts with water
How does iron react with non-metals?
2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3
1. Reacting with non-metals
a. Reacting with sulfur
c. Reacting with oxygen
3Fe + 2O2 → Fe3O4
Fe + S → FeS
b. Reacting with chlorine
0
0
0
0
0
0
+2
-2
+3
-1
+8/3
-2
At high temperature, iron reduces non-metallic atoms into
anions and is oxidized to oxidation numbers of +2 or +3
FeO.Fe2O3 (magnetite)
At normal temperature, iron is oxidized in moist air, produced rust by electrochemical corrosion
4Fe + 3O2 +6 H2O → 4Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 . n H2O
Fe3+
Fe
Fe2+
With HCl & dilute H2SO4 acid solutions
2. Reacting with acids
With HNO3 & hot, concentrated H2SO4 acid solutions
What oxidation number does iron have when reacting with hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions?
What oxidation number does iron have when reacting with nitric acid and hot, concentrated sulfuric acid solutions?
How does iron react with hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid solutions?
Fe + 2H+ → Fe2+ + H2
a. With HCl, dilute H2SO4 acid solutions
Fe reduces hydrogen ion (ion H+) of HCl and
dilute sulfuric acid solutions produced H2,
Fe is oxidized to oxidation number of +2
Fe + HCl ?
FeCl2 + H2
2
Fe + H2SO4 ?
FeSO4 + H2
General:
0
0
2. Reacting with acids
What substance is produced when iron reacts with dilute nitric acid solution?
What substance is produced when iron reacts with hot, concentrated nitric acid solution?
What substance is produced when iron reacts with hot, concentrated sulfuric acid solution?
NO
NO2
SO2
A colourless gas and it rapidly oxidised in air to nitrogen dioxide
A brown toxic gas and a major air pollutant
A colourless toxic gas with a pungent, irritating smell
How does iron react with nitric acid and hot, concentrated sulfuric acid solutions?
Fe reduces N+5 or S+6 in nitric acid or hot, concentrated
sulfuric acid solutions to lower oxidation number,
and Fe is oxidized to oxidation number of +3
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
Fe + 4HNO3 (d) →
Fe + 6H2SO4 (h,c) →
0
0
+6
+5
+3
+4
+3
+2
b. With HNO3, hot, concentrated H2SO4 acid solutions
2. Reacting with acids
Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
Fe + 6HNO3 (h,c) →
0
+5
+3
+4
Fe is inactive by cool, concentrated nitric acid (acid HNO3) or sulfuric acid (acid H2SO4) solutions
Fe2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+
Fe Cu Fe2+ Ag
Example: Reacting with CuSO4 solution
Fe + CuSO4 ?
FeSO4 + Cu?
Fe can reduce ions of metals which stand after
it in electrochemical series. In these reactions,
Fe is usually oxidized to oxidation number of +2
0
+2
+2
0
α
3. Reacting with salt solutions
Alpha rule
Reacting with water is reduced to load
4. Reacting with water
At room temperature, Fe cannot reduce water,
but at high temperature, Fe reduces water steam,
produced H2 and Fe3O4 or FeO.
NATURAL STATES
What is the percentage of iron in the Earth’s crust
What forms does iron exist
in nature?
Iron makes up about 5% mass of the Earth’s crust
and is ranked second among metals (after aluminum)
In nature, iron primarily exists
in the forms of compounds
Magnetite: Fe3O4 (rarely exist in nature)
Red hematite: Fe2O3
Brown Hematite: Fe2O3. nH2O
Siderite: FeCO3
Pyrite: FeS2
Iron, which is in hemoglobin of blood, has responsibility for transporting oxygen in blood to sustain life.
What is the role of iron in human body?
Meteorites which fall to the Earth from space contain free iron
In addiition, where does iron exist?
SINCERLY THANKS
FOR
YOUR LISTENING !