Application of biology

Relational between organism and other organism by food chain

Transmission of energy
Sun--->producer(green plant)
>primary consumer>secondary
consumer
>decomposer (eg. Bread mould)
eg.sun>grass>cow>human>bacteria
Important of food protection ecosystem
Close relationship between organism and other organism is like chain.They take benefit from each other
If a kind of organism die ,other kind of organism may be extinct
Relationship between plant and animal
Plant carries out photosynthesis to release oxygen that is used to oxidized food in animal
animal carries out respiration to release carbon dioxide that is used to undergo photosynthesis in plant
Relationship between plant & animal is close
How to protect the ecosystem
eg.construction
The staff of environmental Protection Department
investigate what organism will be at the risk of extinction by the construction plan on the spot
If the destruction of the plan is cancelled
On work, the Department moniton the construction which follow the orginal plan
Genetically Modified Food(GMF)
1.What is GMF?
--Food comes from organisms
--Whose genes arrangement are changed
2.advantages of GMF
--increase the yield
change the composition
change the characteristic
Genetically modified Food(GM Food)基因改造食物
GM Food
Increase the yield
increase tolerance to unfavourable condition eg. Drought heat
increase the resistance to pest
decrease the using of pesticide
increase nutrient value

Genetic engineering
Introduction
Cloning of living organisms Until now ,the most updating way to replicate living organism is cloning. In this way, the nucleus of one somatic cell (eg. Breast cell) is put into one ovum without nucleus.Then the zygote is placed into uterus of mother’s body
Application of Cloning organisms
Extinct animal will reappear in the world eg.Dinosaur
Clone endangered species to prevent them form extinction
help sterilizing parent
produce GM food
Take replicating people organ instead of replicated peoples’ organ
Used in organ transplant replicate organ for transplantation
Diseases In Our Life
Tooth Decay
---The cause of tooth decay
---The protection of tooth decay
---What’s the advantage of studying tooth?
Deficiency Disease
---The cause of deficiency disease
---The methods to solve the deficiency disease
---What’s the advantage of studying deficiency disease?
Vaccination
All the non-specific and specific body defence methods describedin this chapter help us to prevent and react against diseases
The ability that occurs naturally in all of us is call natural immunity (天然免疫).The resistance to certain deseasemay also be increase by artificial immunity(人工免疫).
Edward Jenner
The year 1796 marked the two hundredth anniversary of Edward Jenner's first experimental vaccination--that is, inoculation with the related cow-pox virus to build immunity against the deadly scourge of smallpox.

In the eighteenth century, before Jenner, smallpox was a killer disease.In 1980, as a result of Jenner's discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared "the world and its peoples" free from endemic smallpox
acute bacterial infection with symptoms of sore throat, fever, rapid pulse, and swollen neck glands. Mass immunization has made the disease extremely rare in developed countries.


Antitoxin Diphtheria
A Paralyzing Fear
A Paralyzing Fear is not just a film about polio. It is about the isolation of the victims of the disease, of the shunning of their families.... It is about the human intuition that must lead scientific discovery, and it is about the national momentum that must be galvanized to conquer an unseen enemy. Ultimately, it is a film about what happens when we begin to fear each other, and our transcendence from that fear
Rubella
Rubella is an exanthematous illness characterized by nonspecific signs and symptoms including transient erythematous and sometimes pruritic rash, postauricular or suboccipital lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and low-grade fever.
THE END