Ấn Độ thời Maurya và Gúp-ta

Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Chandragupta: 321 BCE-298 BCE
Unified northern India.
Defeated the Persian
general Seleucus.
Divided his empire into
provinces, then districts
for tax assessments and law
enforcement.
He feared assassination [like Saddam
Hussein]  food tasters, slept in different
rooms, etc.
301 BCE  gave up his throne & became
a Jain.
The Maurya Empire
321 BCE – 185 BCE
Kautilya
Chandragupta’s advisor.
Brahmin caste.
Wrote The Treatise on
Material Gain or the
Arthashastra.
A guide for the king and his ministers:
Supports royal power.
The great evil in society is anarchy.
Therefore, a single authority is
needed to employ force when
necessary!
Asoka (304 – 232 BCE)
Religious conversion
after the gruesome
battle of Kalinga in
262 BCE.
Dedicated his life to
Buddhism.
Built extensive roads.
Conflict  how to balance Kautilya’s
methods of keeping power
and Buddha’s demands to
become a selfless person?
Asoka’s Empire
Asoka’s law code
Edicts scattered in
more than 30 places
in India, Nepal,
Pakistan, & Afghanistan.
Written mostly in
Sanskrit, but one was in
Greek and Aramaic.
10 rock edicts.
Each pillar [stupa] is 40’-50’ high.
Buddhist principles dominate his laws.
One of Asoka’sStupas
Women
Under an
Asoka
tree
Turmoil & a power Vacuum:
220 BCE – 320 CE
Tamils
The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms.
Gupta Empire: 320 CE – 647 CE
Gupta Rulers
Chandra Gupta I
r. 320 – 335 CE
“Great King of Kings”
Chandra Gupta II
r. 375 - 415 CE
Profitable trade with
the Mediterranean
world!
Hindu revival.
Huns invade – 450 CE
Fa-Hsien: Life in Gupta India
Chinese Buddhist monk traveled along the
Silk Road and visited India in the 5c.
He was following the path
of the Buddha.
He reported the people to
be happy, relatively free of
government oppression, and
inclined towards courtesy and
charity. Other references in
the journal, however, indicate
that the caste system was
rapidly assuming its basic features, including
"untouchability," the social isolation of a lowest
class that is doomed to menial labor.
Chandra Gupta 11
International Trade Routes during the Guptas
Extensive Trade:
4c
spices
spices
gold & ivory
gold & ivory
rice & wheat
horses
cotton goods
cotton goods
silks
Kalidasa
The greatest of Indian poets.
His most famous play was Shakuntala.
During the reign of Chandra Gupta II.
Gupta
Art
Greatly influenced
Southeast Asian art & architecture.
Medicine
Literature
Mathematics
Astronomy
Printed
medicinal guides
1000 diseases
classified
Plastic
Surgery
C-sections
performed
Inoculations
500 healing
plants identified
Decimal
System
Concept
of Zero
PI = 3.1416
Kalidasa
Solar
Calendar
The earth
is round
Gupta
India
Gupta Achievements
The Decline of the Guptas
Invasion of the White Huns in the 4c signaled
the end of the Gupta Golden Age, even though
at first, the Guptas defeated them.
After the decline of the Gupta empire, north
India broke into a number of separate Hindu
kingdoms and was not really unified again until
the coming of the Muslims in the 7c.


QUESTION:
Is the best literature and art written as
the civilization is on the rise, at its
height, or in its decline?
Bhartrhari
5c India court poet and philosopher.
Knowledge is man`s crowning mark,
A treasure secretly buried,
The source of luxury, fame, and bliss,
A guru most venerable,
A friend on foreign journeys,
The pinnacle of divinity.
Knowledge is valued by kings
beyond wealth---
When he lacks it, a man is a brute.