Advanced Language Practice

Verbs + infinitive or -ing
GRAMMAR
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1. Verbs followed by either –ing or infinitive with to
Can’t bear, hate, like, love, prefer
Like to usually refers to habitual preferences.
Attempt, begin, continue, intend, plan, propose, start
There is no difference in meaning whether we use –ing or infinitive with to. Intend, plan and propose can be followed by that + clause. This may include should.
Forget, remember
With to both verbs refer to an obligation.
With –ing both verbs refer to past events.
Both can be followed by that + clause.
You can see more verbs in Grammar Unit 16, Macmillan Advanced Language Practice, Michael Vince, 2009.
2. Verbs normally followed by infinitive with to
Verbs marked * can also be followed by that + clause.
*agree *demand hurry *pledge *swear
*appear deserve *learn *pretend *threaten
*arrange *expect long *promise *vow
attempt fail manage refuse want
ask grow neglect *resolve *wish
choose hasten offer seek
dare *happen pay *seem
*decide *hope *plan struggle
Appear, (so) happen and seem are only used impersonally with that + clause.
It appears that I’ve made a mistake.
It so happens that he is my brother.
It seems that Mary is going to win.
Want can be used colloquially with –ing, and has a similar meaning to need.
The car wants cleaning.

3. Verbs normally followed by -ing
Verbs marked * can also be followed by that + clause.
*appreciate face *suggest
avoid *fancy it’s no good/use
contemplate finish feel like
delay involve give up
*deny *mention keep on
detest mind leave off
dislike miss look forward to
endure postpone put off
enjoy practise can’t stand
escape *resent spend/waste time
excuse risk

.
Admit
This can be used with or without preposition to followed by –ing.
That + clause is also possible.
Appreciate is often followed by possessive + -ing.
Involve has an impersonal subject.
You can see suggest in Grammar Unit 13, Macmillan Advanced Language Practice, Michael Vince, 2009.
4. Verbs followed by infinitive without to
Help can be used with or without to.
I helped George (to) carry the bags.
Make, and expressions with make.
They made me leave.
We shall have to make do.
In the passive, to is used.
I was made to leave.
Let and expressions with let.
They didn’t let me leave.
Let me go!
Verbs followed by an object and to
Verbs marked * can also be followed by that + clause.
*advise, assist, beg, bribe, command, dare, employ, unable, encourage, instruct, invite, lead, *order, *persuade, select, send, *teach, *tell, train, urge, *warn.
You can see advise, persuade, tell, warn in Grammar Unit 13, Macmillan Advanced Language Practice, Michael Vince, 2009.

Dare can be used without to when there is no object. Compare:
They dared him to jump.
I didn’t dare (to) say anything.
You can see dare as a modal verb in Grammar Unit 9, Macmillan Advanced Language Practice, Michael Vince, 2009.
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