Active and Passive

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THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

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Kenbin



 THE ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

THEORY
Watching:
Active: One Direction sings “What makes you beautiful?”
Passive: “What makes you beautiful” is sung by One Direction.
RULES
Object of active sentence → Subject of passive sentence

Ex1: The workman builds this house → This house is built by the workman.


( In sentence has two objects, one of them can be a subject.
Ex2: He wrote her a letter.
(1. She was written a letter.
(2. A letter was written to her.
Ex3: They give me some hamburgers.
(1: I am given some hamburgers.
(2: Some hamburgers are given for me.


Passive verb
Be + Past participle

( If verb in active sentence is in simple present or simple past, verb in passive sentence will be:
Am, is, are
Was, were
+ Past participle


Ex4: Tom collects stamp every day.
( Stamp is collected by Tom every day
Ex5: He did exercises yesterday.
( Exercises were done yesterday.


( If verb in active sentence is in present progressive or past progressive, verb in passive sentence will be:
Am, is, are
Were, was
+ being + past participle


Ex6: They are building an apartment
( Apartment is being built
Ex7: She was doing her homework
( Her homework was being done.


( If verb in active sentence is in present perfect or past perfect, verb in passive sentence will be:
Have, has
Has
+ been + past participle


Ex8: My mother has made this cake
( This cake has been made by my mother
Ex9: They had cleaned up the house
( The house had been cleaned up


( If verb in active sentence uses with these verbs such can, may, might, must, should, have to, will, shall, used to,…. Verb in passive sentence will be:

can, may, might, must, should,
have to, will, shall, used to,…
+be + past participle


Ex10: I can eat this hotdog
( This hot hotdog can be eaten
Ex11: They will visit her tomorrow
( She will be visited tomorrow.

Ex12: He must finish these exercise
( These exercise must be finished.
Ex13: He used to drink much coffee
( Coffee used to be drunk much.

Ex14: The may know her.
( She may be known
Ex15: We have to tidy up the floor
( The floor has to be tidied up


Subject of active sentence → By + Object of passive sentence

Ex16: My mother sewed this dress
( This dress was sewed by my mother
Ex17: Tim had cleaned the house
( The house had been cleaned by Tim


( Me, him, you, her, us, them, people, someone,….. usually rubbed out in passive sentence.
Ex18: I do this pancake
( This pancake is done (by me)
Ex17: Someone gives me a letter
( A letter is given to me (by someone)


( If object in passive sentence assigns fact or thing, we use preposition “with” instead of using preposition “by”
Ex20: Smoke filled the room
( The room was filled with smoke
Ex21: Books full the shelves
( The shelves are full with (of) books


Position of adverbs

( Adverb of place stands front of by + O
Ex22: Tom left his money at home
( Tom’s money was left at home by Tom
Ex23: Josh plays soccer at school
( Soccer is played at school by Josh.


( Adverb of time stands behind by + O
Ex23: Council of administration held a meeting before May
(A meeting was held by council of administration before May.

Ex24: My parents will buy a car tomorrow
( A car will be bought by my parents tomorrow


( Adverb of manner usually stands between be with past participle
Ex24: John cleaned his car carefully
( John’s car was carefully clean by John
Ex25: They read this text fluently
( This text is fluently read.



EXERCISES


Put these sentences into the passive voice.
We can’t make coffee with cold water.
The thieves stole Mr. Brown’s car.
The council of discipline punished Tom because he didn’t study hard.
People usually speak English because it is popular.
She made all arrangements herself.
They have to finish all their work.
He has made no
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