18 dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp

here are at least eighteen types of inversion:
1. neg intro
2. intro adverbial (in, down, prepositional phrase)
3. intro -ed
4. comparative
5. intro comparative
6. as
7. so... that...
8. had, should, were
9. there is
10. here is
11. intro -ing
12. emphasis
13. the bigger, the better
14. questions
15. "story speech"
16. nor
17. so do I/neither do I
18. intro adjective
 
Type
Examples
Notes

1. neg intro
Never do I sleep.
Only at night can I study.
In no way could I help you with your Japanese grammar question.
I believe that only rarely will I need your help.
Not until I got home did I realize that my shoes were untied.
Question form is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
This one is very common on the TOEFL and somewhat common on the GMAT and GRE.
We need to learn the various types of words and phrases that require this type of inversion.
Notice that sometimes the inversion occurs right after the neg intro form and sometimes it occurs in the next subject and verb.
See Neg Intro for more info.

2. intro adverbial
Into the room ran the lady.
First comes love, then comes marriage.
After A comes B, then comes C, next comes D.
Down came the rain and washed the spider out.
Inversion is optional.
Used with be-verbs, linking verbs, and verbs of direction.
This one is less common on the TOEFL, but more common on the GMAT and GRE.
Notice that sometimes we have an adverb, like first and down and sometimes we have an adverb phrase like into the room or after A. These adverbs and adverb phrases usually show location or direction.
This type of inversion usually only occurs with be-verbs, linking verbs and verbs that show direction or movement, like come, go, run, etc.

3. intro –ed
Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street, the so-called crookedest street in the world.
Lost among the old tables and chairs was the priceless Victorian desk.
Located between San Francisco and Marin County is the Golden Gate Bridge.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with be-verbs.
This one is very common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE.
This type of inversion usually occurs with be-verbs, but sometimes with linking verbs.
Notice that the phrase is the complement of the be-verb.

4. comparatives
Cheetahs run faster than do antelopes.
You speak Chinese better than do I.
Jessica is more interested in Computer Science than is Benjamin.
Inversion is optional.
Used with all verbs.
This form of inversion is common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE.
We normally only have inversion here if we are comparing subjects of the verb, not objects. For example, in the following two sentences, we are comparing objects, carrots and potatoes, not the subject I.:
 I like carrots more than I do potatoes. 
 I like carrots more than do I like potatoes. 
Now, in this sentence, we are comparing subjects, I and my friend Carl:
 I like carrots more than does my friend Carl. 

5. intro comparative
Bigger than an apatosaur is the blue whale.
More important than your personal statement is your GPA.
No less impressive than the invention of the laser was the development of the wheel.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with be-verbs.
This form is more common on the GMAT and GRE than it is on the TOEFL.
Notice that we can only use this form of inversion when the verb is a be-verb since in every case, the comparative is the complement of the be-verb.
Remember that less than is also a comparative.

6. as
Megumi is from Japan, as is Sato.
So-eun wants to leave early today, as does Oi.
If thrown into the water, camels can swim, as can cats.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
We can only use inversion if we are using as for comparisons.
as is one of the trickiest words in English; it can have many different meanings.

7. so… that…
So happy was I that I bought flowers for everybody in class.
So quickly did she leave that we did not even realize was gone.
So rarely does a comet appear visible to the naked eye that when one does, it is considered a major event.
Question form is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
This is not so common on the TOEFL, but is fairly common on the GMAT and GRE.
The