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THE STAR SCHOOL






ENGLISH 12
AIR POLLUTION
 We are slowly destroying the earth.  Do you know what causes air pollution ?











FACTORY SMOKE
COMMON CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
MOTOR VEHICLES


Too many vehicles in use

OTHER CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
COOKING AND HEATING
GABAGE BURNING
POPULATION GROWTH

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMANS

HOW CAN AIR POLLUTION HURT OUR HEALTH ?
Short term : Irritation to the eye, nose, and throat, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Long term : lung cancer, heart disease, the damage to the brain, nerve, liver and kidney.

MEASURES TO LIMIT AIR POLLUTION


USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
BAN VEHICLES IN CITY CENTERS




BAN VEHICLES IN CITY CENTERS


CUT OFF GABAGE BURNING
REMOVE FACTORIES OUT OF CITY CENTERS
USE UNLEADED PETROL
SUGGESTIONS FOR AN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN IN HOCHIMINH CITY


Introduce unleaded petrol and cleaner fuel
Of all pollution control measures, the reduction of lead is perhaps the most important gain in terms of benefits to the health of people living in cities, especially children
Therefore, unleaded petrol should be widely used instead of leaded petrol now
B. Increase usage of public transport
A scheme to expand bus services in many parts of the city, especially along high traffic routes will reduce the traffic and pollution problems


C. Introduce transport planning to reduce traffic congestion
Transport planning involves the diverse of traffic in case of congestion, the management of traffic flows, effective traffic light coordination and so on

D. Develop an information and forecasting service
If an air quality information and forecasting service is established, it will provide timely information to people and this also raises general awareness of environmental issues

E. Publish names of companies violating environmental standards
The publication of a blacklist of worst companies violating environmental standards will help force those companies improve their images

F. Establish permanent on-line air quality monitoring stations
The monitoring of air quality is the main means of accessing the effectiveness of any air quality management plan, as well as providing information on air quality in the city

G. Establish standards for emission control of vehicles
All new vehicles whether assembled, manufactured locally or imported, should be required to conform to the emission control regulation. Regulations should be introduced to discourage the use of older cars and motorbikes

H. Adopt the “polluter-pays” principle and set up a regulatory framework
A regulatory framework should be implemented so that production units would be responsible for controlling emissions. A strong regulatory agency with powers of enforcement would be required



I. Formulate an air quality management plan and control strategies
A more effective air quality management plan, taking into account transport requirements and industrial development, could be formulated, avoiding serious degradation of the air environment of the city
For example, studies on current emissions from stations can predict the daily level of nitrogen oxides, ozone, suphur dioxide or particles at various places in the city area