**1000 words form**

Word Forms
Prefixes and suffixes that are used in English give clues as to the meaning and, or, the function of words. Typically suffixes indicate the function of a word in a sentence. For instance there are some suffixes that are used only for nouns and others that are used for verbs, adjectives and adverbs. The particular suffix used in forming a word also helps to give meaning to a word, for instance ‘competition’ and ‘competitor’ are both nouns that are formed from the verb ‘compete’. The ‘-or’ suffix, however, indicates that there is a person performing the action, whereas the ‘-tion’ suffix indicates a condition or state of being. Do note, that some suffixes are used with more than one type of word, so on their own they cannot be used to infer the function of the word in the sentence. In those situations, other context clues are needed to provide the function of that word in a particular sentence. For example, an ‘-ing’ suffix occurs with nouns, verbs and adjectives; in the sentence “Teaching is interacting with interesting people,” teaching is a noun (a gerund), interacting is part of a verb phrase in the present progressive tense, and interesting is an adjective that qualifies people.
Suffixes
The tables below provide the more common noun, verb and adjective suffixes and give the usage and examples. There is only one common suffix for adverbs, and that is ‘-ly.’ It is often added to adjectival suffixes as in ‘creative’ and ‘creatively.’

Noun Endings
Ending
Usage
Example

-al
the act of doing, or the state of
betrayal, refusal

-ance/-ancy/-ence/-ency
relating to quality, state or condition
performance, infancy, prominence, urgency

-ation
action or process of; result of
creation, reformation

-ice
condition, quality or act
cowardice, notice

-er/-or
person or thing that performs the action
teacher, worker, competitor, legislator

-graph
a writing or record
telegraph, polygraph

-ian
person or thing
politician, amphibian

-ing
having the quality of (gerund ending)
teaching, working

-ism
action or practice, theory or doctrine
nationalism, Hinduism

-ist
one who, or that which does or has to do with
nationalist, typist

-ity
state, condition or quality
inferiority, confidentiality

-ization
nouns formed from verbs; condition, act, process
harmonization, urbanization

-ment
the product or result of; the means of
achievement, government

-ness
relating to quality, state or condition
happiness, sadness

-ogy
the study of
biology, geology

-oid
like, resembling
humanoid, android

-ory
a place for the action of the verb stem
dormitory, repository

-ship
the state, condition or quality of; art or skill of
friendship, marksmanship

-sion/-tion
action or process of; condition or state of being; result of
rejection, completion, connection

Verb Endings
Ending
Usage
Example

-ate
verbs from some Latin forms
fascinate, participate

-ed
forms the simple past and past participle of regular verbs
walked, has walked

-en
verbs formed from adjectives
soften, weaken

-er
verbs with a habitual or repeated action
stutter, canter

-fy
cause to be or become
beautify, liquefy

-ing
present participle and part of progressive tenses
walking, is walking

-ise/-ize
to cause to become, resemble; make into; to act in the manner of
authorize, sympathize

-s/-es
ending of third person singular, present tense
walks, runs

Adjective endings
Ending
Usage
Example

-able/-ible/-ble
capable of, fit for, tending to, likely to
trainable, flexible

-al
relating to, having the nature of
musical, personal

-ant
in the act or process of doing
vigilant, militant

-ed
adjectives formed from nouns
interested, bored

-ent
having the quality of
dependent, resilient

-er
comparative ending
bigger, faster

-est
superlative ending
biggest, fastest

-ful
full of, characterized by
beautiful, bountiful

-ic
pertaining to, connected with, resembling
volcanic, angelic

-ing
participial form as an adjective
interesting, boring

-istic
having the qualities of, formed from
realistic, socialistic

-ite
derived from some Latin verbs
infinite, polite

-ive
having a tendency to or the nature of
attentive, massive

-ory
a place or instrument